Sri Lanka’s Coral Reefs: Current Challenges and Conservation Efforts

Sri Lanka, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is renowned for its rich marine biodiversity, particularly its vibrant coral reefs. These underwater ecosystems not only support a plethora of marine life but also play a crucial role in coastal protection and the livelihoods of local communities. However, recent studies and reports have highlighted significant challenges facing these delicate habitats, prompting concerted conservation efforts.

The State Of Sri Lanka’s Coral Reefs

Recent assessments have raised alarms about the health of Sri Lanka’s ring shaped coral reef. Dr. Terney Pradeep Kumara, General Manager of the Marine Environment Protection Authority (MEPA), reported that approximately 90% of the nation’s coral reefs have perished due to pollution and unethical human activities, leaving the remaining 10% endangered.

The Bar Reef in Kalpitiya, once a thriving coral ecosystem, has suffered severe bleaching events. Similarly, shallow waters in the southern regions now predominantly consist of coral rubble, a stark indicator of degradation. Illegal fishing practices, such as dynamite fishing, have further exacerbated the destruction, particularly in areas like Silavathura. While some coral patches persist in eastern regions, including Pigeon Island in Trincomalee and the recently designated Kayankerni Marine Sanctuary, their survival remains precarious.

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Conservation Initiatives

In response to the alarming decline, various organizations and initiatives have been mobilized to protect and restore Sri Lanka’s coral reefs:

• Project Kayankerni: Launched by Biodiversity Sri Lanka, this initiative focuses on conserving the coral ecosystems within the Kayankerni Marine Sanctuary in the Batticaloa District. The project aims to implement sustainable practices and engage local communities in preservation efforts.
• Rotaract Club’s Project Zooxanthellae: Over a span of three years, the Rotaract Club of the University of Moratuwa undertook efforts to replenish corals. Collaborating with the Sri Lankan Navy, divers installed steel-framed structures underwater, attaching live coral fragments to facilitate regrowth and habitat restoration.
• Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR): Managed by Pegasus Capital Advisors, GFCR has invested in Oceanpick, South Asia’s leading offshore barramundi farm. This partnership aims to promote sustainable aquaculture practices while supporting coastal communities in Sri Lanka.

Emerging Marine Habitats

Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that sunken ships off the coast of Colombo are fostering diverse marine life. These shipwrecks provide complex structures with various microhabitats, attracting more abundant fish assemblages compared to natural coral reefs. While not a substitute for natural reefs, these artificial structures offer supplementary habitats, contributing to marine biodiversity.

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Geographical Context

Sri Lanka’s strategic location in the Indian Ocean, southeast of the Indian subcontinent, encompasses a total area of 65,610 square kilometers, with a coastline stretching approximately 1,340 kilometers. The island’s diverse marine environments, including coral reefs, are integral to its ecological and economic fabric.

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Conclusion

The degradation of Sri Lanka’s coral reefs poses significant ecological and socio-economic challenges. However, through collaborative conservation efforts, sustainable practices, and community engagement, there is hope for the restoration and preservation of these vital marine ecosystems. Continued research, awareness, and proactive measures are essential to safeguard Sri Lanka’s underwater treasures for future generations.

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